
The
Puppet Show (kuileixi) is better known as mu'ouxi (play of wooden
dolls), in the country, which has its roots in remote times. It
is said that King Mu of the Zhou (c.10th century B.C.) of oral
history, on his way home from a big hunt on the Kunlun Mountain,
saw a choral dance performed by Yanshi, a skilled carpenter, with
wooden dolls made by himself. However, it was not until the Han
Dynasty that the puppet show was mentioned as a full-fledged form
of amusement. Still, that puts it at least 2,000 years back in
Chinese history.
As in most other countries, three types
of puppet shows are presented in China: the rod-top puppet, the
marionette and the glove puppet. Of course, the first type is
most popular in China. The puppet, generally less than a metre
tall, is made with true-to-life features. It is raised overhead
at the top of a stick by the puppeteer with one hand and manipulated
by him with the other hand moving a pair of wire rods. This type
of puppets generally do not show their feet.
One of the basic skills required of the operator
is to be able to hold high the puppet, which weighs 2 to 3 kilograms,
with one arm and to keep it either motionless or moving steadily
on the same level as dictated by the scenario. Only on this basis
may the puppet be convincing in its other dramatic actions.
The marionette appears on stage in full
view of the audience. It is of a more complicated structure, with
the head, shoulders, waist, hands and feet all jointed, movable
and controlled by separate wires. During performance, it is operated
from a concealed operating bridge high above the puppet.
The glove or hand puppet, rather like
those in a Punch and Judy show, is also called "bag puppet"
(budai mu'ou) in China. About 20 cm long, it is the smallest of
the three types. Its dress is in the form of a small bag, from
inside which the puppeteer's hand manipulates its postures and
movements. |
|